F43 - Economic Growth of Open EconomiesNávrat zpět

Civil aviation services have become serious demand generating tools for all geographic locations. Understanding the economic conditions which make this demand increase possible, knowledge on external benefits and costs of the growth of international aviation sector plays critical role for the companies and countries which are keen on being competitive and economic growth. Improvements in aviation sector create base for analysing the legal context of air transport deeper and therefore companies in aviation sector analyse the market behaviour and take their position accordingly. Liberalisation of the aviation sector is another factor which triggers the demand increase. Liberalisation of the aviation sector in Turkey dates back to 2003. Since then with the help of increasing competition and decreasing costs together with increasing gross domestic product per capita gave rise to incrase in number of passengers. Domestic and international passengers carried in 2000 was approximately 35 million in Turkey however this number is almost increased to 174 milllion by the end of 2016. Therefore this study is aimed to investigate the underlying dynamics of that rapid increase and 1960-2016 annual data of number of passangers carrried both domestic and internationally together with gross domestic product. Within the scope of econometric analysis, stagnation of data is tested through ADF (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) unit root test. Variables are investigated whether they are cointegrated with Granger method and it is found that variables are cointegrated and long-run balanced relationship found between each other. After conducting Granger causality analysis it is found that there is a bi-directional causality relationship exist from gross domestic product per capita to number of passengers carried. Morever through regression analysis it is found that 1 dollar increase in gross domestic product per capita results 11873 increase in number of passengers carried with %5 significance level.

The article deals with the analysis of the relationship between knowledge economy and economic growth and economic level of the countries. Concept of knowledge economy and its growth is defined in the first two chapters. Then two hypotheses about positive relationship between knowledge economy and economic level and knowledge economy and economic growth are verified at the group of the world economy countries. For verification of the both hypotheses is used regression analysis. The first hypothesis was confirmed. It holds for the group of world economy countries that the more investments in knowledge the country has, the more advanced is and vice versa. Also strong correlation between economic level of the country and each part of the knowledge economy index, i. e economic and institutional regime, education, innovation and information and communication technologies, was proved. On the contrary the second hypothesis was not confirmed. It does not hold that knowledge economy will lead to higher economic growth in future. Surprisingly it was found that relationship between these two variables is negative.

The concept of macroeconomic competitiveness became a phenomenon during last decades. Its controversial nature arouses attention of many people all over the world. It is impossible to find a generally accepted definition of national competitiveness as well as the way how to measure and compare competitiveness of countries. This contribution will discuss two models dealing with macroeconomic competitiveness, the original Porter's diamond model and the nine-factor model. Besides methodology, differences and similarities of these models we will be interested in how results of both the models differ. The main goal of the contribution is the identification of differences between the diamond model and the nine-factor model. For practical application of both the models we chose three countries on different development level out of Central Europe: the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary.