Acta academica karviniensia 2016, 16(2):67-82 | DOI: 10.25142/aak.2016.015

Celní režimy v Latinské Americe: Role privilegií a historická zkušenost Chile a Peru

Martin Šárek¹, Marek Vokoun², Lourdes Daza Aramayo³

¹ University of Economics, Faculty of International Relations, Prague, W. Churchill Sq. 1938/4, 130 67 Prague 3, Email: xsarm11@vse.cz

² Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Department of Management, Okružní 10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Email: marek.vokoun@mail.vstecb.cz

³ University of Economics, Faculty of International Relations, Prague, W. Churchill Sq. 1938/4, 130 67 Prague, Email: lourdes.aramayo@vse.cz

This paper focuses on the effects of the consistently enforced liberal policies in Chile of the last 40 years in comparison to the inconsistent policies of the Peruvian government during the same period. Tariff policy can be used as a representative indicator of the liberal/protective economic approach given how important openness is to trade in the long term development of small economies. The first section explains tariff and tariff policy. The second details the historical development of tariff policies in Chile and Peru and the third part contains a comparison of their current tariff structures. Both countries started at a similar point in the 1970s, both utilize comparable natural resources and have a similar GDP ratio. However, only Chile has become one of the most developed economies in the region while Peru, although progressing rapidly in the last decade, is still lagging 10 years behind due to inconsistent policies applied during the '70s and '80s. By turning to neoliberalism in the '90s, Peru laid the foundation for their current strong economic development and is now, in some ways, even more open than Chile with a few exceptions in the textile, coffee and beef industries to which Peru applies high tariff rates to protect the jobs these industries provide.

Klíčová slova: Cascading tariff structure, Chile, Open trade policy, Peru, Uniform tariff structure

JEL classification: F19

Vloženo: 19. leden 2016; Přijato: 24. srpen 2016; Zveřejněno: 30. červen 2016  Zobrazit citaci