J01 - Labor Economics: GeneralNávrat zpět

The situation in the labour markets in EU countries after the onset of the financial and economic crisis has deteriorated significantly, while so called vulnerable groups have been affected more. Since the late 90s EU countries are oriented to promote employment growth, which is reflected in the documents and guidelines for individual Member States and approaches to find common solutions in the field of labour market and employment policy. For this purpose Europe 2020 strategy and follow-up documents and recommendations focused on growth performance, employment and competitiveness of the EU countries were adopted. The paper is focused on the characteristics of basic trends in the labour markets in the Member States, challenges and common procedures for employment growth and job creation.

The article focuses on the issue of education relating to employability of young people in the labor market, particularly in the Slovak Republic. It aims to analyze the current position of young people in the Slovak labor market using the method of comparison of unemployment rate with other countries of the European Union. In Slovakia , the situation of young people in the labor market is developing with negative trend , thus resulting in their prolonged high unemployment and the long duration of the transition from education to the labor market . The school system should be flexible and should also provide young people with some security. The paper sets out the main areas in improving formal education, based on the proposals for action of the European Commission. From the recommendations /May 2013/ for the Slovak Republic result the following proposals: to deal with the unfavorable situation of young through guarantees for young people, to take action to improve learning outcomes, to strengthen the provision of practical training directly in companies in vocational education and training, to support the effective transfer of knowledge by encouraging cooperation between universities , research community and the business sector.

Německý trh práce a jeho situace je vzhledem ke své velikosti klíčový pro mnohé členské státy EU. Z tohoto důvodu je nutné sledovat změny a reformy, kterými prochází, protože ty mohou mít dopad i na situaci v okolních státech EU včetně České republiky. Cílem článku je nejprve se zaměřit na situaci německého trhu před celosvětovou ekonomickou krizí, popsat dopady krize a vládní opatření proti ní vzhledem ke specifikům německé ekonomiky. Na závěr se článek zaměří na fenomén tzv. Kurzarbeit, který pomohl v Německu udržet navzdory krizi relativně vysoké míry zaměstnanosti a omezit nárůst nezaměstnanosti.