E20 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: General (includes Measurement and Data)Return

Emission of the greenhouse gases has a significant impact on the environment of the whole planet. Innumerable international plenary sessions have agreed only on partial solutions. The signatory countries came up with the instrument which should improve the air quality- the emission allowances. The politicians and environmentalists involved in the Kyoto Protocol and subsequent Paris Agreement have negotiated emission reductions. Achievement of this goal is established for years 2005 - 2030. 43 % of current greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced. Each allowance represents the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide (CO₂) or the equivalent amount of two more powerful greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide (N₂O) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). Allowances are distributed among individual countries, which allocate them free of charge to plants, factories and other fixed installations. These emission allowances can be the subject of trade between these operators. All these facts result in questions related to the accounting methods. How many allowances are needed? Should they be recognised as an asset? Is their price regulation necessary? Can emission allowances reduce greenhouse gases or are government subsidies and compensations - alternatively carbon taxes - more suitable for this purpose? Is the business environment more or less destroyed? The goal of this article is to contribute by critical discussion to easier, fair and true recognition of emission allowances.

Overall this article is focused on the tax system of the Czech Republic and its subsequent development to the present time. It is also targeted at the issues and results related to the research reports and in particular the evaluation and findings by examination the individual views of economic university students, also their extensive economic perceptions of the tax system and tax policy of this state. In essence, there were chosen some students of University Business in Ostrava and the School of Business Administration in Karviná (SU in Opava), who are citizens of the Czech Republic and have practical experience in the use of tax return. Published data and the individual results were obtained in the period of August 2011 to January 2012. The examined areas were divided into five groups, namely the extent of tax rates; clarity, application and quality of taxes; the range of the tax system; the impact of taxes on business in the Czech Republic and the purposefulness of taxes. The research results confirm prolonged problems of the Czech tax system and the overall dissatisfaction of tax payers, even though the government is willing with an effort to improve this overall state by tax reforms. This article is the output of research reports called Tax system from the examinations point of view, opinions from selected students of economics universities.

This article deals with the development of tax system and tax mix in the Czech Republic, the following points will be reviewed how significant influence of these well-known concepts to economic reality and how to the extent that the tax system affects the negative phenomena in society, as well as stimulating economic growth at well-chosen tax policy. Consequently, this article gives a historical outline of tax reforms that have been made in our country. The development of the tax mix, thus the individual taxes and quasi-taxes, as they have been developed over time and how they have impacted on our society.