J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and ForecastsReturn

With the ongoing reversal of the population pyramid in the foreground, this paper designs a framework for assessing the intergenerational redistribution due to collective pension, healthcare, and education system funding in the Czech Republic. Employing the generational accounting method for locking the fiscal policy in the base year and deriving individual lifetime net tax payments, overall generational contributions are calculated. This work sheds light on who benefits from and who loses out in the 2015 calibration of the system. The losses are expected for those currently young or yet unborn. The increasing aged dependency ratio puts pressure on the productive population as well as on public finance which results in considerable value transfers from young generations to their predecessors. Such scheme levies – through tax implications of dependency – a high burden of contribution on the population which will be productive especially around the time forty years from now.

Civil aviation services have become serious demand generating tools for all geographic locations. Understanding the economic conditions which make this demand increase possible, knowledge on external benefits and costs of the growth of international aviation sector plays critical role for the companies and countries which are keen on being competitive and economic growth. Improvements in aviation sector create base for analysing the legal context of air transport deeper and therefore companies in aviation sector analyse the market behaviour and take their position accordingly. Liberalisation of the aviation sector is another factor which triggers the demand increase. Liberalisation of the aviation sector in Turkey dates back to 2003. Since then with the help of increasing competition and decreasing costs together with increasing gross domestic product per capita gave rise to incrase in number of passengers. Domestic and international passengers carried in 2000 was approximately 35 million in Turkey however this number is almost increased to 174 milllion by the end of 2016. Therefore this study is aimed to investigate the underlying dynamics of that rapid increase and 1960-2016 annual data of number of passangers carrried both domestic and internationally together with gross domestic product. Within the scope of econometric analysis, stagnation of data is tested through ADF (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) unit root test. Variables are investigated whether they are cointegrated with Granger method and it is found that variables are cointegrated and long-run balanced relationship found between each other. After conducting Granger causality analysis it is found that there is a bi-directional causality relationship exist from gross domestic product per capita to number of passengers carried. Morever through regression analysis it is found that 1 dollar increase in gross domestic product per capita results 11873 increase in number of passengers carried with %5 significance level.

The paper deals with migration and migrant workers in Europe. The UN Convention on the Rights of Migrants defines a migrant worker as a person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a State of which he or she is not a national. Migration can be hugely effective in improving the income, education and participation of individuals and families, and enhancing their children's future prospects. But its value is more than that: being able to decide where to live is a key element of human freedom. The primary objective of this paper is to indicate importance of migrant workers in Europe. This paper will provide you with an overview of the trends in migration in Europe, opportunities and challenges of migration.

In the Czech Republic, finding regions whose demographics were quite negatively affected by the intense socio-economic change, which went through the whole Czech Republic during the 90th the last century. These administrative units include the Moravian-Silesian region, the demographic development is characterized by long-term population decline. Although the causes of population decline was found in both natural increase and net migration in the area, as more serious problem appears to us a negative migration balance, as in this case, the long-term development in the region, contrary to developments in other regions of the Czech Republic.

This paper deals with theoretical approaches to the harmonization of family life and work based on the Esping-Andersen's typology of the welfare state. In the first chapter we characterize three basic types of the welfare state: liberal, conservative-corporatist and social democratic. We focus on the essential features, on the relationship between the state and the market, the level of stratification and decommodification in these different types. In the second chapter we analyze familiarization of the welfare state typology, refering to the criticism, which calls into questioning the ability of commodification by which Orloff underestimates this ability for some members of the society; we discuss approaches to social welfare, to the issues of decommodification and defamiliarization; we stress the term "women friendly" as one of the fundamental basis for the problem of reconciliation of work and family life. Systems of the social states vary widely in how they support parents in their efforts to balance work and family care, integration of mothers into the labor market, which subsequently affects the birth rate and the aging of the population.